ABSTRACT
Diabetes is the 6th most important cause of disability burden in Egypt. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in diabetics. Oxidative stress is involved in p-cell destruction and is recognized as a mediator in the development of macrovascular or cardiovascular complications in type 1 diabetes meliitus. Products of arachidonic acid metabolism elicit inflammatory responses and diseases in diabetic children such as atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia induced activation of thromboxane pathway evidenced by increase urinary excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 [indicator of oxidative stress]. This study measured urinary excretion of 11 dehydro-thromboxane B2 in 40 type 1 diabetic children [12.38 +/- 2.75] years and 40, age and gender matched, healthy controls [10.88 + 3.23] years. Mean urinary 11 dehydrothromboxane B2 concentrations showed statistical significant difference between diabetic group [1884.8 + 826.86 pg/mg creatinine] and controls [601.95 + 229.24 pg/mg creatinine, p<0.001]. Also, total cholesterol [183.75 + 30.47 versus 112.6 + 27.07 mg/dl, p<0.001], triglycendes [147.45 + 29.91 versus 73.08 + 13.3, p<0.001], HDL [34.8 + 4.95 versus 45.6 + 8.25 mg/dl, p<0.001], LDL [120.9 + 30.5 versus 83.6 + 24.2 mg/dl, p<0.001], HbAlC [11.48 + 1.79 versus 5.37 + 0.59, p<0.001] and fasting C-peptide [0.33 + 0.14 versus 2.05 + 0.87, p<0.001] showed statistical significant difference between diabetic children and adolescents and healthy controls. Our results showed also significant positive correlation between urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 and HbAlc [r= 0.627, p= 0.012], tnglycerides [r= 0.520, p= 0.047] and total cholesterol [r= 0.668, p= 0.007]. In conclusion, the increase of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels in our study confirmed the dyslipidemia pattern in pediatric type 1 DM patients. Our results confirmed that hyperglycemia induced activation of thromboxane pathway in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents as evidenced by increase urinary excretion of the indicator of oxidative stress status 11-dehydrothromboxane B2. Also, we showed a significant positive correlation between the urinary excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 and the laboratory parameters of lipid metabolism. Therefore, urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 can be used as a potential non invasive biomarker of dyslipidemia in type 1 diabetic children
ABSTRACT
In the present study breast milk samples of 147 lactating mothers at different stages of lactation [colostrums, transitional and mature] were analyzed to determine tradesmen's which are considered essential for man namely zinc, copper, manganese iron, selenium, iodine and chromium. Our results revealed that generally almost all the trace elements studied were higher during colostrums stage. In the other two stages [transitional and mature milk], the levels of the trace elements were lower except for iodine and chromium, there was slight increase with the progress of lactation. A positive correlation was found between iron, with manganese, iron with selenium, manganese with selenium and iodine with chromium, whereas a negative correlation was shown between iron with iodine, iron with chromium, manganese with iodine, manganese with chromium and also selenium with chromium. The social class of the mother was found to have no effect on the level of the trace elements except for copper level which was found to be higher in the breast milk of mothers from high and middle socio-economic levels. There was no significant correlation between any of the trace elements and the parity of the mother